Body shape and size:
Face shape and features:
Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair comes from your father, the other from your mother. Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs.
There are no known behavioral or environmental factors that cause Down syndrome.
Anyone of three genetic variations can cause Down syndrome:
Anyone of three genetic variations can cause Down syndrome:
There are a variety of symptoms, such as:
There is no single, standard treatment for Down Syndrome. Treatments are based on each individual’s physical and intellectual needs as well as his or her personal strengths and limitations. Below are various examples of treatment, although there are many more.
Early Intervention: This refers to a range of specialized programs and resources that professionals provide to very young children with Down syndrome and their families. These professionals may include special educators, speech therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and social workers. ABA Works provides Early Intensive Behavior Intervention services based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Physical therapy: Activities and exercises that help build motor skills, increase muscle strength, and improve posture and balance
Speech-language therapy: Can help individuals with Down Syndrome improve their communication skills and use language more effectively
Occupational therapy: Helps find ways to adjust everyday tasks and conditions to match an individual’s needs and abilities.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy: Individuals with Down Syndrome may become frustrated because of difficulty communicating; may develop compulsive behaviors, and may have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other mental health issues. ABA can help to decrease tantrums, increase compliance and a variety of skills, including communication
Amino acid supplements or drugs that affect the brain activity: Many of the recent clinical trials of these treatments were poorly controlled and revealed adverse effects from these treatments. Since then, newer psychoactive drugs that are much more specific have been developed. No controlled clinical studies of these medications for Down Syndrome have demonstrated their safety and efficacy
Assistive devices: Any type of material, equipment, tool, or technology that enhances learning or makes tasks easier to complete. Examples include amplification devices for hearing problems, bands that help with movement, special pencils to make writing easier, touchscreen computers, and computers with large-letter keyboards.
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